Hostage is one of those words that can cause confusion to people new to historical fiction set in the early Middle Ages. After capturing the Saxon fortress of Eresburg and destroying the Irminsul in 772, Charlemagne took 12 hostages, an event recounted in my second novel, The Ashes of Heaven’s Pillar.
Today we think of a hostage as someone held against their will to extort money or some other demand, but the word’s meaning was slightly different for Charles and his contemporaries. To them, hostages were a means of making sure an enemy kept a commitment they made.
The vanquished took an oath of loyalty to the Frankish king, but swearing to a saint was not enough to reassure the monarch – or anyone else with sense. The vanquished party also surrendered hostages, often the young sons of important men.
As long as the vanquished behaved themselves and kept their oaths, the hostages would be treated as the king’s guests. If the vanquished broke their promises, the king could do whatever he wanted to the boys, whether that was sending them off to a monastery to be unwillingly tonsured, selling them into slavery, or killing them.
So with the lives of their offspring at stake, one would think the vanquished foes would be motivated to keep their promises. But hostage-taking often didn’t work in practice. When Charles was otherwise occupied – for example a war with his ex-father-in-law in Lombardy in 773 – the Saxons would move to retake lost territory. To the Franks, they were breaking a sacred oath. The Saxons, who never wrote down their story, might argue an oath at the point of a sword was invalid.
A sad part of the history remains untold – what happened to the hostages.
Susan Abernethy said:
I always wondered how being a hostage affected King Henri II of France. Nice post Kim. Thanks.
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Kim Rendfeld said:
I’m not familiar with that particular story but exploring what went through Henri’s mind would make interesting fiction. One wonders if such an experience would make the hostage loath his captors or have more nuanced feelings.
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Susan Abernethy said:
Exactly Kim! It had to affect him emotionally and psychologically too.
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blythegifford1 said:
There was an entire “hostage culture” during the Hundred Years War and at one point, King Edward III of England held King Jean II of France as a hostage, along with many French knights. From what I have been able to determine (for my work in progress!) the hostages were lavishly entertained at the English court.
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Kim Rendfeld said:
I can believe the hostages were entertained. They were supposed to be guests, after all. However, I also wonder how the hostages would have felt about being separated from their homes and those they love.
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blythegifford1 said:
Among the questions I’m exploring in this book… Thanks for the post. It is a little understood facet of medieval history.
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The Middlegate Key said:
Reblogged this on The Middlegate Key.
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